1. Spina Bifida
- non-visualisation of cisterna magna
- deformation of cerebellum (banana sign)
- concave frontal bones (lemon sign)
- dilation of lateral ventricles
- chiari II malformation (97%)
- Biparietal diameter (BPD) lower than expected
(a) Myelomeningocele
- cystic mass protruding from spinal canal
- cystic mass wall composed of thin arachnoid membrane without skin covering
- occasionally covered with skin: closed defect
- without skin covering: open defect
(b) Meningocele
- Protruding cystic mass contains only CSF and no neural elements
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